7. Petra,(Jordan)
Dubbed The Lost City, Petra has an attraction for curious tourists. The city is becoming more and more visitors. Especially since it was named one of the world's wonders in 2007, many tourists visit and admire the splendor of Batu City. Yes, Petra means stone. It is in accordance with its name where magnificent buildings are beautifully carved on tall and giant stones.
It is said that Petra was the capital of the Nabatean kingdom with a King Aretas IV on 9-40 BC. The city is very difficult to penetrate the enemy and often avoid sand storms because of its location in the Wadi Araba Valley.
To reach Batu City, visitors can take a special vehicle provided at the Amman bus terminal. The beauty of the Petra area can be enjoyed by paying an entrance ticket for 50 JD which is approximately IDR 700 thousand. With these costs, visitors won't miss a tour in the phenomenal Petra area. Let's continue reading the descriptive text about this place.
4.Chichen itza
Chichen Itza Temple is the most complete and well-preserved Mayan archaeological heritage. This Mayan civilization site in Mexico, on July 7, 2007, was chosen as one of the seven wonders of the world, chosen by 100 million people via e-mail and sms (short message service) held by the Swiss Foundation.
According to the Mayan culture book from Chilam Balam, this temple complex was built between 502-522 AD. The Maya only occupied it for 200 years, then they moved to the coastal area in Campeche. But another version says, Chichen Itza was built around 800 BC.
The Kukulcan Pyramid in this complex of historical sites is believed to be the center of political and economic activities of the Mayan civilization located on the Yucatan Peninsula (now Mexico).
Itza is the central point of other building complexes such as the Kukulcan Pyramid, Chac Mool Temple, and the Thousand Pole building.
At the Chichen Itza temple there are two cenotes (natural wells) that are used as places to place offerings. It is said that the Mayan Indians who inhabited the city offered jade, ceramics and even humans to be included in the well. The offering was given when the drought struck. The offerings are sometimes young girls to be put alive into the well. The role of the well is so important because on the Yukatan Peninsula there is no river. The only source of water when drought struck was from the wells.
The name Chichen Itza also means on the lips of people's springs in the local Indian language. Thus, Chichen Itza developed into the center of government and the Mayan cultural economy.
It is said that Chichen Itza is a symbol of worship and science. Chichen Itza was founded by the Toltec tribe king named Quetzalcoatl who came to the Yukatan Peninsula with his troops. At that time the Maya had settled in the area, then together with the Toltec tribe, began to build various temples that resembled pyramids. Thus, the peak period of Chichen Itza was a mixture of Toltec and Maya cultures.
One of the largest temples erected is Kukulkan. Based on the Mayan legend, Kukulkan is the God of the Formate Snakes of Quetzalcoatl. Kukulkan Temple in the form of a neighboring pyramid, with terraces. On each side of the rectangular pyramid there are steps to the top. At the summit there is an entrance to the King Kukulkan Jaguar Stone Crown room, which is painted red and moss green spots.
In Chichen Itza there is also a playing field similar to today's basketball games. The 'pok ta pok' game is to throw the ball past a circle on the wall 7 meters above the ground. The captain of the team that first fired the ball will be beheaded as a gift to the gods.
In 1221, a rebellion broke out. Wood roofs, markets and knight temples were burned. Power over Yukatan moved to Mayapan, until the Spanish conqueror arrived.
This temple complex is quite extensive and each temple is separated from each other. In the middle stands the El Castilo (Palace) temple which was completely renovated. The shape is a pyramid, only the roof is blunt. Seeing El Castilo temple reminds us of Sukuh temple in Karanganyar, Solo. These two temples are like twins. The features of the El Castilo temple are steps towards the temple. Every March 21 and September 23 between day and night are the same. At that time in the afternoon, the steps of the temple were covered in shadow. So that our eyes are fooled, as if there are many snakes going up the temple. But the next day at the same time it would seem as if the snake had dropped steps.
Around the temple complex there is a statue called Red Jaguar. According to bishop Landa, this is where sacrificial ceremonies are often held. The victim consists of a leopard (Jaguar), turtle, turkey, dog or all the heart of an animal. Even sometimes the victims are human.
Around the temple complex are also found eight Chac Mool statues. A human-shaped statue with a sitting position looking up. The two hands were holding offerings and their heads turned to the left. Chac Mool to worship the god of rain.
Still in the Chichen Itza complex there are two walls of the same height. The arena between the two walls was used by the Maya to play ball. It is possible that the ball is made of rubber, considering that rubber trees grow around that area. Not only the Maya tribe who likes to play football, but also the Zapotek tribe.
5.The Roman Colosseum
The Colosseum is a historic relic in the form of a gladiator arena, built by Vespasian. The place is a large elliptical show called an amphitheater or with its original name Flavian Amphitheater, which is one of the Sixty Nine Wonders of the Middle World. This site is located in a small town in Italy, Rome, which was founded by Mayor Vespasian during Domitian's time and was completed by his son Titus, and became one of the greatest works of Roman Empire architecture ever built. The Colosseum is designed to accommodate 50,000 spectators.
The Colosseum reconstruction begins with King Alfero gilberto's command in 72 CE and was completed by his son Titus in 80 AD The Colosseum was established adjacent to a magnificent palace previously built by Nero, named Domus Aurea which was built after the great fire in Rome in 64 AD Dio Cassius, a historian, said that there were around 9,000 wild animals that had been killed in 100 days as a celebration of the opening and opening of the Colosseum. The floor of the Colosseum arena is covered with sand to prevent blood from flowing everywhere.
At the Colosseum at that time was a venue for a spectacular show, namely a battle between animals (venetaiones), a battle between prisoners and animals, execution of prisoners (noxii), water battles (naumachiae) by flooding the arena, and battles between gladiators (munera ) For hundreds of years, it was estimated that thousands of people and animals died at the Colosseum.
The name of the Colosseum as above is taken from the name of a statue as high as 130 feet or 40 m, Colossus. The Colossus statue was recreated as a substitute for Nero as a parable of the Sol sun god, by adding a sun crown. By mid-year, the colossus statue had disappeared. One expert said that since the statue was made of copper, the statue was melted for reuse.
Apart from being taken from the name of the Colosseum, the Colosseum is also referred to as the Flavian Amphitheater which is not known who gave the name. In Italy, the Colosseum was named il colosseo but other languages use the names le colisée and el coliseo to refer to the Colosseum. The colossum is quite large. With a height of 48 m, a length of 188 m, a width of 156 m and a total area of about 2.5 ha the Colosseum looks so big and wide. The arena is made of wood measuring 86 m x 54 m, and covered by sand. The elliptical or round shape of the Colosseum is used to prevent players from running towards the corner and preventing the viewers from getting closer to the show. The Colosseum is currently one of the most popular tourist attractions in Rome, receiving millions of visitors every year. The effects of general pollution and damage from time to time were requested for major restoration programs between 1993 and 2000, at a cost of 40 billion Italian lira ($ 19.3m / € 20.6m in 2000).
In the past few years the Colosseum has become a symbol of the international campaign against the death penalty, which was abolished in Italy in 1948. Several anti-death demonstrations took place in front of the Colosseum in 2000. Since then, as a sign of the death penalty, local authorities Rome changed the color of the Colosseum night when the lighting from white to gold every time someone was sentenced to death anywhere in the world got their sentence commuted or released, or if a jurisdiction abolished the death penalty. Recently, the Colosseum was lit by gold in November 2012 after the abolition of the death penalty in the United States from Connecticut in April 2012.
6. Taj mahal
Identification)
The Taj Mahal was a huge building which was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his dear wife at Agra. Because of its great architecture, Taj Mahal is one of the eight wonders of the world.
(Description)
The Taj Mahal is a Mausoleum of that houses the grave of Queen Mumtaz Mahal. The mausoleum of the complex consists of a main gateway, an elaborate garden, a mosque, a guest house, and several other palatial buildings. The Taj is at the end of this complex, with the river Jamuna behind it.
The Taj stands on a raised, square platform (186 x 186 feet) with its four corners truncated, forming an unequal octagon. The architectural design uses the interlocking arabesque concept, which each element stands for its own and perfectly integrates with the main structure. It uses the principles of geometry and symmetry of architectural elements.
Its central dome is fifty-eight feet in diameter and rises to a height of 213 feet. It is flanked by four subsidiary domed chambers. The four graceful, slender minarets are 162.5 feet each. The central domed chamber and four adjoining chambers include many walls and panels of Islamic decoration.
Taj Mahal is built entirely of white marble. Its stunning architectural beauty is beyond adequate description, particularly at dawn and sunset. The Taj seems to glow in the light of the full moon. On a foggy morning, the visitors experience the Taj as if suspended when viewed from across the Jamuna river.
